Cockroach infestations don’t just bring creepy crawlers; they fill homes with allergens and bacterial toxins that can trigger asthma and allergies.

The North Carolina State University researchers found that larger infestations meant higher toxin levels, especially from female roaches.

The findings that highlighted how pest control is vital for cleaner, healthier air indoors reported that eliminating roaches through pest control can make the levels of both allergens and endotoxins plummet.

Cockroach infestations release high levels of allergens and bacterial endotoxins that worsen indoor air quality and health.

Researchers at North Carolina State University have identified a clear connection between the extent of cockroach infestations in homes and the amount of allergens and bacterial toxins known as endotoxins found indoors. It is in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Endotoxins are fragments of bacterial cell walls that are released when bacteria die.

Because cockroaches consume a wide range of materials, they host a diverse gut microbiome. Previous studies have shown that these insects shed large quantities of endotoxins through their droppings.

The research took place in multi-unit apartment complexes in Raleigh, North Carolina. Scientists measured the scale of cockroach infestations alongside concentrations of allergens and endotoxins in each home.

The infested apartments were split into two categories: untreated homes and those that received professional extermination to remove cockroaches. Researchers also included a control group of residences with no infestation. Dust and insect samples were collected again at three and six months.

To establish baseline readings, both settled and airborne dust samples were collected before any treatment began.

Although humans and household pets can also produce endotoxins, the researchers found that a significant portion of those detected in household dust originated from cockroach faeces.

The findings revealed that infested homes contained high amounts of endotoxins, with female cockroaches producing roughly twice as much as males.

Madhavi Kakumanu, an NC State research scholar in Schal’s lab and co-corresponding author of the paper, noted that kitchens typically contained more endotoxins than bedrooms, since they provide abundant food sources for cockroaches.

According to Coby Schal, the Blanton J. Whitmire Distinguished Professor of Entomology at NC State and co-corresponding author of a paper, “Endotoxins are important to human health, as inhalation of these components has been shown to provoke allergic responses.”

He added; “Past surveys in U.S. homes found endotoxin levels much higher in homes with self-reported evidence of cockroaches; that association is stronger in low-income homes than in single-family homes.” (Nigerian Tribune)