You wake up before dawn. You work. You wait for payday. Then, you watch the money disappear before the weekend. Rent, food, transport and nothing left. That is the quiet crisis millions of Nigerians live with.
A new report by the Nigerian Financial Services Market (NFSM) lays bare the scale of that struggle: Nearly half of Nigerians earn less than N50,000 a month, barely $31.25. That’s not enough to feed a family of two for a week, let alone survive an emergency.
“I earn N25,000 every 27th of the month as a cleaner at a hotel around Akute-Olambe in Ifo Local Government, Ogun State,” said Joy Efosa, a single mother. “I use it to feed myself and my child, buy water, and recharge my phone. It’s never enough, but I manage.”
For many, there are no savings, no margin for error, no fallback when prices jump or wages fall behind.”
According to the NFSM, only 2.4 percent of Nigerians earn more than N200,000 monthly. The majority, about 49 percent, earn N50,000 or less. Another 17 percent are unemployed altogether
In cities like Lagos or Abuja, N50,000 can barely cover transportation to work, never mind rent, school fees, or medicine.
“I’ve been working as a security guard at a microfinance bank for six months now,” said Ayinla Tunde. “I earn N40,000 a month, but it’s not the bank that pays me, it’s the private security company that hired me. Sometimes, the salary comes late, and other times, they split the payment.”
An anonymous teacher working at a private school in Ogba said, “Each student pays N120,000 per term. I earn N78,000 monthly. I teach every day, I mark scripts at night, and still can’t afford rent on my own.”
These aren’t isolated stories. They reflect the lives of millions. People who wake up early, return late, and have nothing to show for it.
The vast majority of Nigeria’s workforce, over 85 percent, according to the International Labour Organisation, work in the informal sector: market traders, okada riders, hairdressers, domestic workers, and construction labourers.
They earn without contracts, protection or guarantees. No sick leave, no health insurance, no pensions, just a daily hustle.
The country’s income structure is brutally uneven. On one end, there are executives, consultants, and other high-earning private and public sector workers taking home between N200,000 and N500,000 or more each month. On the other hand, a mass of working people scrapes by on N30,000 to N50,000.
The middle is thin: teachers, junior civil servants, and office assistants earn N70,000 to N150,000, just enough to pay bills but never enough to breathe. For most, one illness or rent increase is all it takes to fall into debt.
In a country where over 90 percent of citizens pay out-of-pocket for healthcare, education, and even clean water, low income is not just a personal problem; it’s an economic deadweight.
With so little disposable income, people spend only on essentials. Small businesses suffer. Banks hold back from lending. And people who can’t save can’t invest in their futures.
The knock-on effect is national: sluggish demand, weak consumer markets, and stunted growth.
This crisis isn’t new. In the 1990s, the collapse in oil prices triggered similar wage stagnation, inflation, and mass unemployment. That should have been a turning point. But decades later, Nigeria remains locked in the same pattern: oil dependency and low-income jobs.
Meanwhile, the country’s total debt continues to rise, with another $21.5 billion loan proposed, yet the dividends remain far from the masses.
When workers can’t afford to live, it slows everything down. Parents pull children from school. Households cut meals. Small shops lose customers. Banks hold back. And the economy starts to choke not from lack of resources, but from lack of resilience.
To build a stronger economy, Nigeria must build stronger incomes, not just through wages, but through decent jobs. Agriculture, manufacturing, and technology all have the potential to lift millions out of poverty, but only if the investment is real and the policies are serious.
The country’s future doesn’t lie in survival, it lies in dignity: A salary that covers rent, food, medicine and allows for some savings. A country where working full-time means living, not barely existing. (BUSINESS DAY)
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