Japan’s defence ministry has said it is alarmed at new threats from Russia and has growing worries about Taiwan, in an annual defence report that comes as Tokyo weighs an unprecedented rise in military spending.

The paper, released on Friday, also sets the stage for a year-end national security review expected to call for the acquisition of longer-range strike missiles, strengthened space and cyber capabilities, and tighter controls over access to technology.

The document devotes a chapter to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which it said risked sending the message “that an attempt to unilaterally change the status quo by force is acceptable,” with repercussions for Taiwan, which Beijing views as its own territory.

Surveying the global security landscape and specific threats to Japan, it said there was concern Russia could “further enhance and deepen relationships with China” and warned Moscow might increasingly lean on its nuclear capacity as a deterrent.

Japan, which has territorial disputes with Russia, has backed sanctions led by the United States and the European Union against Moscow, and has seen increased Russian military activity around its territory.

In May, Chinese and Russian military jets carried out joint flights near Japan immediately after a meeting of the US-led Quad grouping in Tokyo.

Self-ruled Taiwan has also been the target of an increasingly assertive China with military planes engaging in regular incursions into the island’s air defence zone.

Earlier this month, fighter jets crossed the Taiwan Strait’s median line, the unofficial buffer between China and Taiwan, a manoeuvre criticised by Taipei as a “provocation”. Beijing claims it has sovereign rights and jurisdiction over the waterway.

The defence white paper approved by Prime Minister Fumio Kishida’s government also identifies North Korea as a critical security risk. Defence Minister Nobuo Kishi last month described Japan as being on a front line surrounded by nuclear-armed actors.

Most Japanese appear to share government concerns over Japan’s deteriorating security environment, with recent opinion polls putting support for higher defence spending at more than 50 percent.

Kishida’s ruling Liberal Democratic Party has pledged to double military spending to 2 percent of Japan’s gross domestic product (GDP), which would bring the country into line with the minimum commitment among NATO members.

Given the size of its economy, the increase would make Japan the world’s third-biggest spender on defence after the US and China. (Al Jazeera)

•PHOTO: Japan wants to boost defence spending amid growing security concerns related to Russia, China and North Korea [File: Issei Kato/Reuters]