Bronwyn Barnes, President and CEO of Ivanhoe Atlantic, the Liberian and Guinean iron ore developer majority-owned by U.S.-Canadian billionaire Robert Friedland, has resigned after four years at the helm, Business Insider Africa has learned.

Her departure comes as the company faces multiple challenges, including uncertainty over access to critical rail infrastructure in Liberia, regulatory hurdles in Guinea, and scrutiny from U.S. authorities over compliance and strategic alignment.

Rail access constraints in Liberia

Ivanhoe Atlantic’s iron ore export plans rely on access to Liberia’s Yekepa–Buchanan rail corridor, which links the Mount Nimba deposits to the Atlantic coast.

The railway is operated by steelmaker ArcelorMittal, Liberia’s largest private employer, majority-owned by Indian billionaire Lakshmi Mittal.

Although Liberia’s legislature approved a framework to allow multiple companies to use the corridor, ArcelorMittal’s recent expansion at Yekepa may restrict capacity, potentially limiting Ivanhoe Atlantic’s access.

Regulatory and logistical challenges in Guinea

In Guinea, Ivanhoe Atlantic faces an impasse with the government of President Mamadi Doumbouya.

The Nimba deposit lies near the Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, drawing environmental and social scrutiny that has slowed approvals.

Guinea is also prioritizing iron ore exports through its own infrastructure, including a 670-kilometre railway linking the Simandou mining complex to the port of Morebaya.

The route, supported by Chinese mining and infrastructure firms, reduces options for alternative export corridors and complicates logistics for Ivanhoe Atlantic.

Strategic positioning and market context

China’s growing footprint in Guinea’s iron ore sector continues to undermine U.S. attempts to gain a foothold in the region.

The Winning Consortium Simandou, led by Winning International Group with China Hongqiao Group and Yantai Port Group, controls critical portions of the project, leaving U.S.-linked initiatives, such as Ivanhoe Atlantic, without direct access to the most strategic deposits.

The Simandou deposits contain approximately 2.8 billion tonnes of high-grade iron ore and could export up to 120 million tonnes annually via its mines, a 600‑kilometre railway, and the deep-water port at Morebaya, supporting decades of production and influencing global iron ore markets.

U.S.-supported infrastructure initiative

In July, the U.S. Embassy in Liberia facilitated the signing of an estimated $1.8 billion agreement between Ivanhoe Atlantic and the Liberian government to establish a rail corridor linking Guinea and Liberia.

However, the company has faced scrutiny from U.S. authorities over perceived links to the Chinese Communist Party.

Ivanhoe Atlantic, whose major shareholder is I-Pulse Inc., clarified that it is entirely separate from Ivanhoe Mines, describing suggestions of Chinese influence as “grossly incorrect and misleading.”

Project alignment and supply chain strategy

Despite this scrutiny, Ivanhoe Atlantic has emphasised that its operations in Guinea are strategically aligned with U.S. and allied supply chains. CEO Bronwyn Barnes stated in a company release:

"None will go to China, and as an American company committed to U.S. national security, we will not export through China’s Trans-Guinean Railway."

Economic and strategic stakes

Barnes’ resignation highlights the operational, regulatory, and geopolitical challenges facing foreign mining companies in West Africa, particularly in projects involving complex infrastructure and oversight from multiple governments.

At the same time, U.S. diplomatic engagement has become increasingly visible, with Washington reportedly exploring frameworks to encourage Guinea’s leadership to reconsider its position.

Such efforts could involve political or security cooperation, reflecting broader U.S. priorities under President Donald Trump’s renewed focus on securing access to critical minerals and reducing reliance on Chinese-controlled supply chains. (Business Insider Africa)