Sweeping pivot from precedent: The White House announced a new trade policy starting August 7 that affects virtually every nation as the US cemented its breakaway from decades of free trade toward a new protectionist era.

• “Universal” rate: A tariff of 10% will remain for countries with which the US has a trade surplus, which is most of them. About 40 nations with which the US has a trade deficit face a 15% floor. Deals with China and Mexico are still pending.

• New Canada rate: President Donald Trump also said he is raising tariffs on Canada to 35%. Goods compliant with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement would not be subject to that higher rate, the White House said, which would blunt the impact.

• Court reviews tariff authority: In a notable hearing, a skeptical federal appeals court heard oral arguments about whether the US president overstepped his legal authority to impose many of his sweeping tariffs.(CNN)