The US and Iran have exchanged strikes across the Middle East for a second consecutive day, further straining a shaky ceasefire agreed between the two countries in April.

US Central Command (Centcom) said it had completed a wave of "self-defense strikes" targeting military, surveillance and radar sites in southern Iran, hours after President Donald Trump vowed US forces would hit Iran "hard".

Tehran responded to the attack with a round of strikes targeting US military assets across the region in Bahrain, Kuwait and Jordan.

Iran's foreign ministry said early on Thursday that the overnight attacks violated the two-month-old ceasefire, rendering it "practically meaningless".

In a statement, it said responsibility for the "extremely serious consequences of this criminal act" lay with the leaders of the US.

Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) said it had fired ballistic missiles at a US command centre in Jordan, state media reported.

It said it had destroyed "a large number" of US fighter jets and "facilities" after firing 12 ballistic missiles at the Muwaffaq Salti Airbase.

Jordanian state media reported 20 missiles had been intercepted and shot down by the country's air defence systems and air force, citing an unnamed military official.

The missiles had been fired towards Azraq in central Jordan, it reported, "without any human casualties or material damage" caused.

Bahrain's interior ministry meanwhile said its air raid sirens were activated and that falling shrapnel from intercepted Iranian drones had damaged homes and vehicles in the capital Manama and Hamad Town.

An 11-year-old girl was treated for a "minor injury", the ministry said, calling Iran's strikes "sinful".

Meanwhile, Kuwait's Army posted on X that its anti-air defence systems intercepted "hostile aerial targets".

Kuwait said it had temporarily closed its airspace due to the Iranian attacks, before reopening it early on Thursday.

In Iran, state media reported explosions around Tehran, the port city of Bandar Abbas and other southern areas near the Strait of Hormuz.

Meanwhile, the IRGC said it had hit two oil tankers passing through the crucial shipping channel shortly after state media reported it was "completely closed to all type of vessel" - although there was no immediate confirmation of a strike.

Centcom, however, said "commercial ships are continuing to transit in and out of the Strait of Hormuz".

Oil prices rose shortly after the closure of the shipping channel and the apparent attack on the ships was announced.

Brent crude oil, seen as the global benchmark, climbed to around $95 a barrel after rising by about 2%.

Hours before the US launched its latest attack, Trump had warned: "We hit them hard yesterday and we're going to hit them hard again today."

Trump wrote on Truth Social that Iranian leaders had "taken too long to negotiate a deal" and threatened further attacks were a deal not reached.

US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth said Iran had been given a chance to make a deal but had not taken it and said bombs would be "dropping on key facilities" in the country.

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian said the country would "stand firm against any pressure or threat". The foreign ministry in Tehran has accused the US of damaging the diplomatic process through "contradictory messages".

In April, the US and Iran agreed a ceasefire that was initially meant to last for two weeks. Both sides have since exchanged intermittent fire, without returning to full-scale hostilities.

However, recent efforts to broker negotiations between Washington and Tehran have stalled and attacks have grown more frequent.

This week, an American helicopter was downed in an attack which the US blamed on Iran. The IRGC in turn responded by targeting US bases across the Middle East.

In a statement on X, UN Secretary General António Guterres said the Middle East was "being pulled deeper into crisis", and recent attacks meant "the ceasefire is more like a lesser-fire".

"We should not minimize the risks of lesser fire becoming full fire. All parties must work towards a diplomatic settlement. No more attacks. No more excuses," he said in a statement. (BBC News)

•PHOTO:Bahrain shared images of damage it said had been caused by falling shrapnel from intercepted Iranian drones early on Thursday

Update news