Retired Commissioner of Police, Fatai Owoseni, is not one to mince words on Nigeria’s festering insecurity. Having served in critical states like Lagos and Benue, and now advising the Oyo State Government on security, he argues that the problem is less about structure and more about leadership, trust and local initiative. In this interview, he dismisses claims that governors are incapacitated by the current security architecture, insisting they have both the authority and tools to act decisively. He also weighs in on intelligence gaps, state policing, and why Nigeria must stop searching abroad for solutions to its internal security challenges.

The recent attacks In Jos, Plateau State, are one too many. What do you think is responsible, and how can we curb such attacks?

I will start by paying condolences to the victims and the families of those people affected in the incident in Plateau State. And also, to the families of even our uniformed personnel who are being killed all over the country. Recently, we had a situation in Kaduna. There are situations that have been recurring all the time, and what this goes to say is that something must be missing in whatever we are doing with regard to securing our people. It is left for the people who are In the saddle now to identify what that thing is that is missing, what is the gap, and one of the areas that I will look at, which is critical, is the issue of the intelligence that we have been talking about.

We have been talking about technology, drones, and whatever, but technology without highly resourced boots on the ground? What do I mean by boots on the ground? The people that will do the actual work, technology alone cannot do it, and that is why we should be looking at how do we improve and get the trust of the people, because if we have the trust of the people, if they have confidence in our security system, they will also play a major role, and what is that major role? What we call human intelligence, because how do we explain that something happened last month, and everybody, including the people that I really know, will talk and say, “Oh, yes, we sympathize. We are moving all the security heads to the Police. And just as you are saying that, another incident is happening in the same place. So, we must get the trust of the people. We must be able to let the people have confidence so that they can share real-time intelligence with us. Technology alone cannot do it. Our terrain is different. The insecurity problem in Nigeria, if we want to solve it, is not about importing a solution. The solution is within us, and we must find a way of tapping into that solution and optimizing our own capacity, which I believe that we have not optimized.

Days after the incident, the President invited Governor Caleb Muftwang and security chiefs. Are you satisfied with this approach?

We are saying the same thing. Yes, the president doesn’t even have to invite the governor. I believe that every governor has a solution within his domain. It is not the president and the people of the different states who voted to be their leader in that state. Whoever is a governor in a state is the president in that state. Whoever is the chairman of the local government is the president of his local government, the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. So, people must live up to their responsibility.

The Issue of everybody running to Abuja, it is not the president that will design the security in the states for them. The local government chairmen, who you will find in most places in the country, are absentee in their councils. They don’t stay within the community. It is only when they want people’s votes that you see them within their community. Most of them live in the state capital, if they do stay at all. Some of our governors also, sadly, how many days or how many weeks do they even spend in their states? They must sit down before the president calls any governor to say he wants to help them address their security problem. The governor must be able to sit down and do a threat analysis with the security apparatus he has in his domain. So, when he’s going to meet the president, he should be telling the president that, yes, I have noticed that this is a gap in my state, and this is the area you can help me with. I believe that all the governors have what it takes to solve the problem within their domain. They should not wait for the president. They should not wait for the Chief of Army Staff, the Chief of Air Staff, or the institutional Police. They should optimize what they have on the ground. The traditional institutions are key partners.

We have been emphasizing non-state actors. I have been emphasizing it too. Every governor feels the solution to insecurity is the state police. No, it is not. It is one of the solutions. A whole society approach to securing our people is necessary. A whole society approach to policing. And, you know, getting the confidence of the people, getting the trust of the people, the governors should be on the ground. That is my own perspective.

A fact-finding committee is revisiting the root causes of violence in Jos. From your experience, what are the underlying drivers?

Insincerity. That is it. It is not about a fact-finding mission or the Task Force. In most cases, when they put fact-finding structures in place, these are people who are strangers to the community. They don’t get the people in the community involved. I would take Lagos as an example. I got to Lagos in 2015. What we met on the ground was that we had these banditry and robbery cases where one miscreant would go to banks, kill people, collect money, kill policemen, and all those things. We sat down. We looked at it. What can we do about it? Luckily for us at that time, the Nigerian police were well-equipped with a technical platform. We used it to our advantage. We optimized it. And that was why I said briefly that since that period that we tackled that robbery crisis up to the time I left Lagos in 2017 and up until today, how many times have you heard of all those serious bank robbery cases or in commercial places? The same thing with the issue of kidnapping. We addressed it squarely, and we had a government in Lagos at that time that was ready to support us with all the tools we needed.

We had a police hierarchy in the Force Headquarters that was ready to support us with the technical input we needed. We had the people of Lagos who were ready to support all our activities. And we were able to put that to pass. That is why when people talk of Lagos, they would say that the government is doing well. In Oyo State, we came here. We were able to share professional advice with the Governor here. We were also able to put structures in place. We are not saying we are perfect, but we centered all our architecture on proactive and integrated concept.

What is the integrated concept that we are doing in Oyo State? The handshake between the state actors and the non-state actors. We are not perfect. We do have breaches occasionally. So, every state must live up to its obligation. Each of the governors must live up to their obligations. It is not just about Lagos or Oyo State or any other state. When you see some states providing massively, helping their security institutions, putting them together, you find that in some states, the governors are absent. It is only when things happen that they will be lamenting, oh, yes, we are just Chief Security Officers.

No, It is unacceptable. They are accountable to the people, and they must solve the problem.

Some believe insecurity increases during election periods. Is that valid?

That is an aberration. It is unacceptable to normalize violence during elections. If we know the pattern, why haven’t we solved it after decades?

Those perpetrating such acts are not ghosts—they are known within communities. Failure to act reflects a collective failure of leadership and accountability.

There are growing calls for state police. Is Nigeria ready for it?

I have mentioned that before. State police or state policing, these are things that people are mouthing. They are looking for an easy way out. That is not the only solution. I challenge everyone. In most of the police commands, if you check the personnel, close to 40 to 50 percent of the people who are serving in that state, especially the junior ranks, have been there for years. And if you’re talking about, oh, we want state police so that people will get familiarized with the community. There are some DPOs who started their career probably as assistant superintendents of police, and up to when they get to the rank of chief superintendent of police, they have remained in that same state for 10 to 15 years. Would that not be enough to be familiar with their terrain?

I lived in Jos, and I went to the University of Jos. As in most of our communities, what should be our strength? We are allowing people that are practicing politics in a dirty way to use it as a tool to divide us. Between the Jos North and the other part of the Jos South, we have always had the belief that people can live happily in Jos. Jos used to be one of the places where most of the uniform people that go to serve there want to retire there. But this ethnicity, tribalism, senseless things crop up such that if you have a leader who is Birom or whatever, they will say it’s not acceptable to Jos North people. The Jos North people, who are predominantly the Hausas and the Fulanis, have been living there for years. They’ve intermarried with the Birom people. So, it is high time they build trust among ourselves.

So, our diversity should be a strength. But we’ve allowed callous people to use this diversity to divide us because they benefit from it. They gain from it. So that is why you are seeing all these. People will be emphasizing the issue of insecurity. People will be really emphasizing the insecurity of Hausa bandits, Igbo criminals, and Yoruba criminals. No.

When it comes to security, there is nothing like colouration. Immediately, any leader starts to colorize the issue of security, which is the first sign that they will fail. You don’t colourate security issues. Bandits are bandits. Bandits have no color. Bandits have no tribe. Criminals have no religion. They have no tribe. So, we have to take it frontally and start from that. Because immediately you start doing that, you have defeated yourself and whoever you even put on the ground to come and help you to do anything, that is when they will say, oh, it is because the commissioner of police is a Yoruba man. He has been posted to Plateau State. He is killing the Yoruba people. Then, if it is a Plateau man who is the commissioner of police, then Jos North people will say, oh, it’s a Birom man. He has been sent to come and kill Jos North’s people. They must wake up. I was Jos in 1985, 86 and for some part of my career. It is a place with which we are familiar. They have destroyed Plateau State just like some other states in this country have been destroyed by callous leaders who are using our diversity to their advantage. It is unfair, and it is also criminal. Is it only for everybody to carry Babariga and say they are going to Abuja? The solution is not In Abuja. The solution is right there in their communities.

Why have peace-building efforts failed in places like Plateau?

Because of systemic dysfunction. Internal security is primarily a police responsibility, yet the police are under-resourced and weakened.

The military’s role should be temporary and decisive, not permanent. If the police are not strengthened, insecurity will persist.

We must also address tribalism and religious bias within security agencies. Officers must see themselves first as national actors, loyal to the constitution—not to ethnic or religious identities.

What role should communities play in security?

Security cannot be outsourced entirely to government. Citizens must take responsibility—basic things like securing homes, installing lighting, and supporting community surveillance systems.

In many cases, the elite avoid contributing to community security efforts, leaving the burden on ordinary people. That must change.

A community-driven approach, supported by government, is essential.

What is your message to the people of Jos?

They must demand accountability from their leaders—governors, local government chairmen, and traditional rulers.

It is not enough to welcome leaders during visits without follow-up. Communities must insist on results.

Ultimately, people must adopt a whole-of-society approach to security. They are the first responders. They must rise and say enough is enough. (Vanguard)

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