TikTok has filed a lawsuit aiming to block a US law that would ban in the video app in the country unless it is sold by its Chinese parent company.

In the filing, the social media company called the act an "extraordinary intrusion on free speech rights" of the company and its 170 million American users.

It said the US had put forward only "speculative concerns" to justify the measure and asked the court to stop it.

President Joe Biden signed the bill into law last month, citing national security justifications.

It followed years of debate in Washington, which has claimed that TikTok's Chinese ownership raises the risk that data on US users could fall into the hands of the Chinese government or be used for propaganda.

TikTok has maintained it is independent, while parent company ByteDance has said it has no plans to sell the business.

The Chinese government has criticised the law as US "bullying" of a foreign firm and signalled it would oppose a sale.

In a briefing with reporters on Tuesday, White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said the law was "not a ban. It is a divestment".

She referred further questions to the Department of Justice which declined to comment.

Under the US law, app stores would be barred from offering TikTok in the US starting in January 2025, unless parent company ByteDance finds a buyer. President Biden could extend that deadline by 90 days if talks are making progress.

In the filing with the DC Circuit Court of Appeals on Tuesday, TikTok said that requirement was "simply not possible: not commercially, not technologically, not legally; and certainly not on the 270-day timeline required by the Act".

It said the measure had unfairly singled out TikTok, creating a “two-tiered speech regime with one set of rules for one named platform, and another set of rules for everyone else”.

It noted that similar attempted bans, including by former president Donald Trump, had met with trouble in US courts.

The company added that the decision by many politicians, including Mr Biden, to maintain accounts on the app undermined the claims of a security threat.

The US has in the past restricted foreign ownership of broadcast television and radio stations, which require government licences to access public airwaves.

TikTok said its business was distinct, and the government could not dictate ownership of "privately created speech forums".

It said it had spent more than $2bn in an effort to address US concerns, creating safeguards on US data.

Jacob Helberg, who leads a committee charged by Congress with monitoring the national security implications of US-China trade, said TikTok's investments were viewed in Washington as a "deceptive marketing effort".

He said the lawsuit was "unserious" and failed "to address the national security question at hand".

But Jameel Jaffer, executive director of the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University, said he expected TikTok’s challenge to succeed.

"The first amendment means the government can’t restrict Americans’ access to ideas, information, or media from abroad without a very good reason for it - and no such reason exists here,” he said.

TikTok's suit comes as recent comments by US Senator Mitt Romney, which tied the widespread support for the measure in Congress to the desire to shape US perceptions of the Israel-Gaza conflict, have drawn attention.

"Some wonder why there was such overwhelming support for us to shut down potentially TikTok or other entities of that nature," Mr Romney said.

"If you look at the postings on TikTok and the number of mentions of Palestinians, relative to other social media sites - it's overwhelmingly so among TikTok broadcasts."

Mr Jaffer said such comments would make it harder for the US to defend the law.

But Congressman John Moolenaar, the current leader of the committee that helped to craft the law, said he was confident it would be upheld.

“Congress and the Executive Branch have concluded, based on both publicly available and classified information, that TikTok poses a grave risk to national security and the American people," he said.

"It is telling that TikTok would rather spend its time, money, and effort fighting in court than solving the problem by breaking up with the Chinese Communist Party." (BBC)

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